Curation for Efficiency: Sävsjö Plantation
☙ Phoebe and Asude ❧
If the curation of a garden is a projection for power, pleasure and order, the curation for plantation reflects the desire for scalable profits and efficiency.
In October 2026, as part of our masters program in Political Architecture and Critical Sustainability (PACS) at the Royal Danish Academy, we had the chance to conduct fieldwork in Småland, Sweden for research into Swedish forestry. On a crisp autumn afternoon during this site investigation, we visited an area of plantation forest west of the Sävsjö train station in Sweden. We followed the hum of the highway, cut across a long gravel car lot and turned down a dirt track lined with golden birch trees, wide enough for a medium sized truck to pass. At the entrance stood two old pines, one on either side of the path, like weathered stone lions guarding a gate. Once we stepped beyond, everything was instantly, unnervingly clear: distinct variation of heights, clean indication of age and an immediate sense of value. The landscape was ‘easy’ to understand, like one of those labelled cross-section diagrams. There was only cleared ground and trees. It is deliberate to use the word ‘tree’ instead of ‘forest’ here. The stands were arranged in rigid, even-aged blocks, flat across the top like the teeth of a plastic comb. You might think that such uniformity would make them feel like a whole, resembling a forest. After all that's the literal definition, by its simplest definition: a collection of trees? But the scene sketching on the horizon made it clearer than ever that these were just trees, individual units. They were wood. They were logs. They were pulp. They were chips. They were everything except a forest.
It reminded us of those pin-impression toys from childhood, where you press your hand against the back, and a three-dimensional shape emerges from the front. You recognise the contour, but you never forget you are looking at thousands of loose, identical pins. Perhaps a tree does not know it is in a forest, because, to itself, maybe it never is.
Days later, back at our desk, we tried to find that exact plot again.
We opened the forestry clearance datasets from Skogsstyrelsen18Fig. 6, panning across endless swathes of forest damage around Sävsjö, which felt like searching for a single needle in the vastness of an ocean.
By chance, Google had recently refreshed its satellite imagery for the area. Next to a busy highway, the site gave itself away. Across the screen, the clearing was scored with swirling, concentric arcs etched into the ground, like a terrestrial fingerprint pressed into the soil. Down on the ground, standing among the trunks, you only feel the muddy gouges under your boots. But from far above, the full geometry clicked into place. The arcs traced the turning paths of heavy timber harvesters, their movements calculated to minimise fuel consumption, manoeuvring time, and unnecessary friction. Their mechanical arms reached out to sever trunks, strip branches and stack timber in a continuous sequence of operations.
And in that moment, something shifted. The cold logic of land use dissolved and a landscape took its place.
It was deeply moving in a way we hadn’t expected. Stripped bare, the clearing ceased to be an invisible, working node in a supply chain. Seen from above, its scars had made it uniquely, undeniably visible. What was engineered purely for extraction now carried the poignant weight of a ruin, like a quiet monument to human ambition, labour and intervention etched into the soil, in the form of a pattern resting right on my fingertip.
In her book The Mushroom at the End of the World, Anna Tsing writes about her 2004 trip to the eastern Cascade Mountains in Oregon, in the Pacific Northwest of the United States.19 On a plot of land that still showed signs of ‘industrial timber', matsutake20 had made its appearance and stimulated a nonscalable forest economy in the ruins of scalable industrial forestry. Here, in the forest of Sävsjö, the machine had left behind a ghost of its own choreography, composed of muddy puddles, heavy truck traces, stubborn tree stumps, beds of wood chips. These evoked deep sentiments stemming from the reminiscence of human curation: we mourn for what was cut down, but what comes next for the wound itself, now that it has become a new terrain?
☙ Magdalena ❧
As we grow accustomed to scarce greenery in cities, their outskirts and the countryside, we might seek for hope for their restoration in the environmental protection programmes enacted by beyond-local scale legislative bodies. These include the European Union’s NATURA 2000 (aiming to protect biodiversity networks including birds habitats)21; the Nature Restoration Law; and the EU’s Biodiversity Strategies. Similar initiatives can be found at a national level, in the form of special measures to protect vulnerable wildlife, including, for instance, European otters, wolves, European Hamsters and beavers, as well as nature protection reserves, national parks, and nature parks.
The existence of these initiatives means that non-humans are being taken into account; that at least some specialists, officials and politicians care to look beyond human interests. They offer us a sense of reassurance, a notion that “Nature is being taken care of”.
Yet, looking more closely at the case studies of the said initiatives in Poland, the gap between the ambitions of these programmes and the ongoing degradation of biodiverse habitats across the European Union becomes increasingly apparent. Their implementation might seem to be majorly dependent on national policies, however, in most cases it comes down to local decisions about land use and spatial planning.
Over the past two years I have become gradually more involved in researching the local politics and spatial governance of cities and towns of different sizes across Poland, including the introduction of new planning policies, master plans for spatial development and their subsequent implementation.
Among them, repeated tree clearings in and around Kępa Bazarowa in Toruń, a highly protected area along the wild southern bank of the Vistula River, where the mayor gave the green light to cut down ‘invasive species of trees’ and thereby thinned down the green lungs of the city.22
The changes in the local master plan for Winnica, another area of Toruń, that finds itself within the EU’s NATURA 2000 program intended to protect a network of habitats along bird migration routes. Here, a nearly 80-metre-high luxury residential sky-scraper has received planning permission from the city and regional authorities despite residents’ and scientists’ protests. Environmental protections were ignored for the project to get approved.23
Górki Czechowskie, still not long ago a 150-hectare undeveloped, natural green area of meadowed hills and ravines in the city of Lublin, is inhabited by the protected and endangered species of European hamster. It was sold to developers by the local authority and followed by rapid construction of new housing for humans that took precedence over the existing homes of the more vulnerable and voiceless lives.24
Concrete reinforcement of the shores of Saint Barbara Island, small and green islet on the Brda River in Bydgoszcz, a decision of the local authorities that has destroyed its wild nature.25
Other ‘shore rebuilding’ or ‘reinforcement’ strategies covering the edges of drying up rivers across Poland with concrete supports, to, and I quote, “make car roads more stable and the flow of rivers smoother”.26 Therefore, reducing water retention and accelerating the flow of water towards the Baltic sea. Such interventions raise broader questions about the work of Wody Polskie (“Polish Waters” in English), the state authority responsible for managing Poland’s rivers and waterways.
Any of the above-mentioned decisions had not gone unchallenged. Local activists and those who both care about the non-human lives, and greenery in cities often protested against them, provided they had learnt about these stories before it was too late to take action. At the same time, lost land, habitats and other living beings’ lives call into question the intentions of the ones in power – governments, municipalities, local politicians, Nature Protection Councils, and private companies.
Behind these institutions and political parties are people. People that often prioritise actions beneficial for their reputation, connections, and voters. People that have the ability to stop or put harmful investments in motion, who can choose to refuse developers’ agendas, who can stop or punish the ones breaching laws that intend to protect nature. If they choose not to, I ask, is there enough being done to nurture a sense of responsibility for the world around us in the individuals? Who will hold accountable those who destroy habitats of other species protected by the law, if the law is not enough? And what more can we do in the face of the multiplicity of nature protection programmes introduced by the legislative bodies of the European Union? Their existence provides a sense of reassurance, hope and/or ethical fulfillment among the people who care about nature and believe in the power of the law, as well as in the officials and scientists working to put these protections into practice. Yet, despite these efforts, the programmes so often fail to be executed and, therefore, fail to protect non-human lives.
Ultimately, the effectiveness of environmental protection programmes depends on their protection and execution at the local scale where local governments and municipalities very often happen to prioritise human over the non-human lives, or even corporate and political agendas over either. Friction arises when ‘soft’ political ideals of environmental protection policies face the realities of self-serving governance.
And therefore, what can we do to protect non-human lives when so many people believe in the superiority of the human race over other species? This anthropocentric perspective leads us to act as though we were separate from the world in which we exist, from non-human beings and the material worlds we share with them. What’s more, how can we live together and share this world without imposing imbalanced self-serving forms of domination on one another and on other species? How can we preserve, nurture and care deeply for the more vulnerable and the voiceless? We so often speak of the disparities in privilege across different human experiences. Yet we are privileged to be part of this world and use its resources yet we choose them to propel our own, self-made idea of progress and greatness to extremes that cannot be sustained over time.
A shift in how we think about our place in the world as humans seems to me to offer at least a partial answer to that question. Donna Haraway’s ideas of worlding27 and companion species28 provide us with a framework to rethink that positioning. Our lives as humans are more entangled with those of non-human beings than we often dare to realise. The ways in which our bodies have evolved as mammals, the hormones we share across species, the hearts that beat inside of us. The food we eat, such as bilberries picked from bushes beside trails, roamed through by a bear just a few hours prior; honey crafted by bees savoured straight from a spoon; carrots that grubs had been munching on before the vegetables were plucked from the earth. Our sleep cycles. The warm rays of sunshine we stop to enjoy, just as cats shift their positions to catch them and a small lizard comes out from underneath a rock to warm itself up in. The wind that moves us to seek shelter, that swirls and blows our hair, which also sustains the airborne wings of vultures sliding above mountain ranges. Moss that seeks a living space in the scarce ‘housing market’ that concrete cities create.
We humans are merely a minute fraction of Earthly reality – in time, in scale, and among countless diversity of other species of fauna, flora and funga with which we share it. Yet the power of our voices, our tendency towards violence and the authority we abuse over the natural world make it more comfortable for us to believe that we are entitled to use it as we please.
How can we speak for the lives of those who cannot protect themselves from a world organised around profit, domination, and individual survival?